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6 Famous Architects Share their Top Sustainable Design Tips

Ever wonder how the world’s best architects approach sustainable design? Their insight, perspective, and approach to tackling current and forthcoming challenges provide inspiration fuel for future building design projects.

Here are 6 sustainable design tips from leading A&D professionals. Through their work, they push us to have an expanded understanding of sustainable design.

Jean Nouvel: Think into the future

Jean Nouvel is unquestionably one of our time’s most impactful sustainable architects. The Pritzker Architecture Prize-winning architect behind the Louvre Abu Dhabi and Philharmonie de Paris is widely renowned for his groundbreaking work in sustainable design. Projects like the futuristic One Central Park and the National Museum of Qatar showcase Nouvel’s knack for blending eco-friendliness with beautiful design.

Nouvel has always been an innovator, so it’s not surprising that his advice is similarly forward-looking. In a 2017 interview, Nouvel encouraged sustainable architects to think about how their design might adapt to long-term changes: “More than ever, sustainability is at stake…We live in a world of constant and profound transformation, so architects have to radically rethink the way we build. New expressions need to reflect new paradigms and the rise of technology. We have to project our ideas far into the future, they need to stand the test of time.”

From Ateliers Jean Nouvel: One Central Park embodies Nouvel’s consideration for long-term sustainability

Thankfully, many new and exciting sustainable resources and materials are being developed. From the widespread popularity of the LEED building standard to an increased availability of sustainable building materials, architects have more tools at their disposal than ever before. Still, Nouvel’s words ring true; the projects we build today need to be able to adapt to the challenges of tomorrow. Everything from the locally surrounding ecosystems to the durability of materials needs to be considered. What will the natural environment look like in 5, 10, or even 50 years? How can our buildings withstand those changes? These are the questions that must be asked in order to create buildings that stay relevant.

William McDonough: Treat nature as a model

To many A&D professionals, William McDonough is synonymous with sustainable design. This sustainability trailblazer earned the first EPA Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award and a host of others, and he designed the acclaimed Ford Rouge plant, which still serves as a beacon of sustainability with an enormous living roof.

From Greenroofs: The Ford Rouge plant in Dearborn, MI boasts an approximately 454,000 square foot living roof

In 1992, McDonough created the Hannover Principles, a set of guidelines for sustainability. His eighth principle says: “Understand the limitations of design. No human creation lasts forever and design does not solve all problems. Those who create and plan should practice humility in the face of nature. Treat nature as a model and mentor, not as an inconvenience to be evaded or controlled.”

McDonough’s statement goes hand in hand with Nouvel’s. Since sustainable design ultimately draws inspiration from nature, it’s only natural that it should also emulate nature. When problems are encountered in the built environment, look to nature for potential solutions. Projects that work seamlessly with nature can give back to the surrounding environment. This approach has led to innovations like biomimicry and energy positive buildings that bring the built environment closer to nature than ever before.

Glenn Murcutt: Choose your materials mindfully

Glenn Murcutt is often called Australia’s most famous architect. The only Australian winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, Murcutt is a vocal proponent of sustainability. A quick look at his projects reveals a studied balance between design and nature. (Check out the biophilic Australian Islamic Centre.) His guiding ethos: to “touch the earth lightly.”

From Architecture AU: The Murcutt-designed Australian Islamic Centre is a sustainable masterstroke

Material selection is a large part of that ethos. As Murcutt puts it, “It’s about: where did that material come from? What damage has been done to the land in the excavation of that material? How will it be returned to the Earth eventually, or can it be reused, can it be recycled, can it be put together in a way that can be pulled apart and changed and reused?” For Murcutt, touching the earth lightly means considering the environmental impact of every design choice, not the least of which is choosing the right building materials.

Sustainable designers have been following Murcutt’s lead and investing in green materials like reclaimed wood and recycled steel. It’s important to be able to determine a material’s impact, which is why from sourcing to processing, we continually scrutinize our processes so as to touch the earth as lightly as possible.

Rob Harrison: Water is the new energy

Rob Harrison of Harrison Architects describes what he does as “lyrical sustainable design.” As a Passive House consultant with 25 years of green design experience, Harrison combines his expertise with a passion for making beautiful spaces, and it shows in his portfolio.

In an interview with The Atlantic, he shared his thoughts on why energy is so important: “Now, it’s all about energy. Soon, finding ways to participate in the water cycle more intelligently will become even more important than demand-side conservation of energy. Water is the new energy.”

Hydropower is already a massive energy source, but it still has lots of room to grow. In the future, expect to see more architects using hydropower and other forms of clean energy.

Scott Ceasar: Keep occupant comfort in mind

Increasingly, sustainable designers are thinking about not only a project’s environmental impact but also its effects on occupants. While sustainable design aims to create more eco-friendly spaces, it must also optimize the built environment for occupants.

Scott Ceasar is one architect who deeply understands the symbiosis between sustainability and occupant enjoyment. Ceasar, a principal at Cosentini Associates, has helped to break sustainability through to the mainstream with projects like 4 Times Square.

Whereas some designers view sustainability and occupant comfort as separate issues, Ceasar says they go hand in hand. He considers how a space’s sustainable design will affect occupants: “We select systems that will go the farthest toward reducing energy usage and increasing occupant comfort.”

From Unique Workspaces: Ceasar’s sustainably designed 4 Times Square building shows how Ceasar designs for maximum occupant comfort

For Ceasar, occupant comfort is especially crucial in the workplace. “Basically, when the workspace is designed for occupant comfort, people are much more productive,” he said in an interview. “That hits the bottom line more than energy efficiency because companies spend 75 to 80 percent of their operating budgets on their employees.” That’s not to say that designers can’t have the best of both worlds; sustainably designed offices have been shown to improve productivity. The takeaway: sustainability and occupant comfort need to seamlessly mesh.

Amanda Sturgeon: Imitate nature as much as possible

Earlier I mentioned an area of design called biomimicry, and this approach of architecturally imitating nature is being practiced of the some of the world’s best designers. From insect-inspired pavilions to theaters that take inspiration from cave formations, the results of biomimicry are astounding.

International Living Future Institute CEO Amanda Sturgeon says that biomimicry is one of the keys to great sustainable design. To her, the “perfect building” is one that “is really acting as if nature would” and that “has to be a building that really deeply connects people to nature.” Architecturally, this means a building that operates in a closed loop system. In terms of design, biomimicry can be used to create that essential connection to nature.

From TerraMai: Google’s Quad Campus features an eye-catching multi-story reclaimed wood sculpture that exemplifies biomimicry

Imitating nature can be as simple as using wood to connect occupants with natural patterns or as complex as creating entire buildings that use nature-inspired structures. Utilizing biomimicry as a platform for creative inspiration will lead to more natural spaces that resonate with occupants and have a lasting impact.

Conclusion

Sustainable design continues to evolve with new technology and understanding. Architects and designers are thinking into the future and creating buildings based on a broader concept of sustainability; one that embraces more than improved energy performance. With building design having a profound impact on the environment, its occupants and the economy, A&Ds have a unique ability to impart real positive change.

Have you noticed the explosion in mixed-use and multifamily design? Here’s why it’s a thing.

In just a short few years there has been a real shift in the place we want to call home. Throughout the United States there is a marked increase in mixed-use and multifamily developments. This trend represents the changing needs of homebuyers and provides a glimpse into the future of residential design. Here’s a look at why mixed-use properties are so popular and what these changes say about designing not just residential spaces but whole communities.

Walkability and Convenience: 2 Pivotal Real Estate Desires

From Slate PDX: Portland’s LEED Gold Certified Slate building is a mixed-use space with a high degree of walkability

Walkability and convenience have always been beneficial for both residential and commercial spaces, but today they’re more in demand than ever. This push is not motivated simply for convenience sake but reflects purposeful life choices, changing views on consumerism and the desire to tread lightly on the earth. There are two large groups that are driving this demand: millennials and baby boomers.

Millennials differ from previous generations in many ways, and car ownership is one of the most striking differences. A 2017 study found that millennials own fewer cars than past generations, relying instead on alternative means of transportation such as walking and cycling. This is even true for millennials who own cars; a 2015 survey revealed that millennials actually prefer walking to driving. Naturally, this parlays into the choice and need to live within walking distance of shops, restaurants, city centers and entertainment options.

From TerraMai: Lost Coast Redwood Surfaced Paneling in a Residential Building Bike Kitchen

Given that millennials make up 36 percent of all home purchases––and that millennials are also big renters–– meeting the increased demand for walkability and convenience is sure to change the residential landscape with a big emphasis on community development. When choosing to buy or rent a home, millennials look for a higher level of convenience and want amenities that complement their preferred lifestyle. Ryan Morgan, Project Manager with Morgan Holdings view amenities as the central aspect of their development design, “We’re trying to establish communities with micro-experiences.”

The growing cyclist movement makes ample and secure bicycle storage a must-have for multi-family/mixed-use developments. One sought after luxury is the bike kitchen. “I would describe them as bicycle clubhouses, where like-minded residents mingle, collaborate, share stories and adventures, and create connections,” said Bobby Long, Principal, Kephart.

From TerraMai: MC Walnut Flooring and Paneling adorns this fitness center featuring rock climbing walls and state of the art fitness equipment.

Another big draw are top-of-the-line, on-site fitness centers. Think beautifully designed spaces with high ceilings, plenty of natural light, spa offerings, personal trainers, specialized classes and the latest equipment.

When it comes to dinner, millennials dine out or order in about three times per week. This trend means millenials are looking at the local food offerings and convenience minded grocery stores when choosing a place to live.

Baby boomers are also after the same qualities in housing. As the population ages and become empty-nesters, they are opting to downsize and move into communities and developments with an abundance of amenities either in their building or nearby. Boomers are likely to take 4 to 5 trips each year and are looking for a space that is easy and convenient to close up and leave for extended periods of time.

Additionally, moves into senior housing also demand highly walkable communities as a necessity. As Mel Gamzon, president of the Senior Housing Global Advisors (SHGA), points out that mixed-use is already a popular design approach in senior living because it affords more freedom and opportunity than a nursing home or traditional senior living facility.

From HKIT Architects: San Francisco’s Vera Haile is a mixed-use senior living complex with beautiful contemporary design

For both millennials and the aging population, mixed-use and multifamily developments offer flexibility, convenience, and connectivity. Residents don’t have to compromise location for quality; rather, they get the best of both worlds. Even though it’s clear that mixed-use developments are a growth area, there’s an important central design question: How to build the best possible spaces for people and planet? In addition to ensuring high levels of walkability and convenience, we need to consider how to build lasting communities that holistically support human health, happiness, and well-being.

Wellness: The Future of the Built Community

Architects and designers are thinking of mixed-use and multifamily developments as much more than living spaces. Builders are aiming to create residential communities that foster a strong sense of fellowship. Rosslyn Business Improvement District president Mary-Claire Burick noted that “according to estimates, some 33% of the population desires to live in a walkable, mixed-use neighborhood, and that’s because … it really offers that sense of community to everyone who’s there.”

It’s also important that these communities optimize all possible living and wellness conditions. As such, there’s been a surge of innovation centering around mixed-use complexes. Sustainable and biophilic design are showing up more and the result is a wave of green communities that are inspiring and beneficial.

From Building Design + Construction: The upcoming Nieuw Bergen project in the Netherlands is one of the most innovative and sustainable mixed-use projects

One of the most notable breakthroughs is the WELL Community Standard. WELL launched the pilot in September 2017, and it’s already been widely embraced as a blueprint for healthier communities. The standard is “a district-scale rating system centered exclusively on health and wellness that aims to set a new global benchmark for healthy communities.” This standard was formed with mixed-use spaces in mind, and it represents a new approach to community development.

Architects are following suit and integrating wellness into their mixed-use projects. Aventura ParkSquare is an excellent example. On paper, the 7.4 acre Florida development seems like many other mixed-use spaces; it features fully furnished residences, Class A office space, a fitness center, and a multipurpose social room. However, it was designed with human wellness at its core. Extra-wide sidewalks optimize walkability, while open staircases encourage residents to skip the elevators. There’s even a communal vegetable garden. In addition, the ground floor boasts a tree-lined interior avenue that encompasses two city blocks.

From Building Design + Construction: Aventura ParkSquare combines mixed-use purpose with wellness-focused design

Aventura ParkSquare gives us a peek into the future of the built community. Sustainability and wellness will be two of the most critical driving factors shaping mixed-use projects. We’re already seeing this as more green cities pop up. Architects are finding new and exciting ways to simultaneously satisfy the demand for walkable communities and create health-centric, eco-friendly developments.

Mixed-Use and Biophilia

Alongside wellness, biophilia is one of the most prevalent trends in mixed-use and multifamily design. More and more people are migrating to cities; the UN projects that 68% of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050. Consequently, architects are seeking to create urban spaces that are healthier and more connected to nature. The positive effects of biophilia are progressively more evident, and it’s clear that biophilia will be integral to the future of Architecture & Design.

Many of the world’s best mixed-use spaces are already using biophilic design. One Central Park is a breathtaking mixed-use building that incorporates stunning vertical gardens, open-air seating areas with wooden benches, and a cantilevered heliostat that reflects sunlight to the gardens and atrium below. It’s an impressively futuristic design that represents biophilic innovation and opens up a world of new possibilities for mixed-use buildings. One Central Park has been widely acclaimed for its design, and it’s earned three Green Star ratings from the Green Building Council of Australia. The project is sure to inspire many more biophilic mixed-use spaces.

From ArchDaily: Sydney’s One Central Park is a striking mixed-use development that exemplifies innovative biophilic design

Architects around the world are implementing more biophilic design elements into their residential projects. Biophilic design in community residential settings can support hundreds of people simultaneously. In Gensler’s 2018 Impact by Design: Resilience Strategies Shaping the Future of Cities , it is noted that projects should select materials with a lower carbon impact. Re-using or recycling materials should be done whenever possible. Green building materials like reclaimed wood are a good fit for large scale residential programs as wood is a low impact material that stores absorbed carbon and repurposes resources while also providing biophilic benefits of being an organic, natural material.

Conclusion

Mixed-use and multifamily design is on the rise. Building Design + Construction reported that multifamily housing saw an 8% increase in the first half of 2018. Urban housing is moving in a new direction due to the changing demands of homebuyers, and architects are creating innovative and practical mixed-use design solutions that work for everyone. A new emphasis on developing communities that will engage and enhance people’s quality of life while minimizing environmental impact will shape the future of cities.

Rethinking the Humble Stair Tread: 8 Reclaimed Wood Stair Tread Examples

Stairs afford architects and designers innovative design opportunities and are an ideal vehicle to enhance the experience of being in a space. With stairs now highlighted for prominent placement so as to encourage short bouts of exercise throughout the day and viewed as places to facilitate unexpected coworker social ‘collisions’, stair design has become an even larger opportunity for making a statement. In particular, stair treads offer a unique design canvas with some design elements doing double duty to improve safety as well. When stairs stand out, passersby instantly take notice.

Once again, reclaimed wood proves to be an incredibly useful and versatile stair tread material choice. Here are 8 examples of reclaimed wood stair treads for inspiration.

1. Reclaimed teak stair treads make this staircase picturesque

From TerraMai: These teak stair treads increase the enjoyment of using the stairs

There is something a little thrilling about standing on the upper landing and looking down upon a winding multi-flight stairwell. The height coupled with the spiralling pattern captivates and provides a sense of risk giving an adrenaline rush. As explained by Terrapin Bright Green, design elements with the right risk/peril mix can provide a positive dose of dopamine.

This stairwell is an intentional design element to keep students and staff at UC Berkeley Energy BioSciences building literally on their toes. The Institute was created to find technological solutions to the problems associated with climate change, global warming and the rising price and diminishing supplies of fossil fuels.

Reclaimed teak is a wood that draws the eye and warms and nurtures any space. Its natural oils give the wood a luster and richness that gets better over time. Paired with the grey and orange elements, the teak treads in the BioSciences building help balance out the design palette and create a stronger visual presence. Reclaimed teak is well-placed here as a stair tread. This hearty wood is rugged enough to withstand years of many feet traversing up and down the multi-story building.

2. Beefy reclaimed wood stair treads appear to float

From TerraMai: These rich stair treads create a strong biophilic connection

Large, beefy, floating wood stair treads make a powerful statement. Woods like teak, douglas fir, and oak are perfect choices here. The glass baluster used with the stair treads pictured above ensures an open view of the ultra thick reclaimed wood treads and add to the floating on air illusion. Coupled with natural river rock, the wood treads provide an organic, biophilic element to the space, while the glass reflects natural light and opens up the design.

Old growth teak is the most durable and has the best aesthetic as compared to plantation grown teak. An ethical method to source old growth teak is to seek out reclaimed teak since harvesting the remaining supply of old-growth trees is not a viable option. TerraMai’s reclaimed teak is salvaged from vintage buildings and other structures slotted for deconstruction in Southeast Asia.

3. REI leverages reclaimed wood for an immersive shopping experience

From TerraMai: REI in SoHo uses simple yet evocative reclaimed stair treads

REI is passionate about having “our roots remain firmly planted in the outdoors.” That ethos extends to their retail interiors, which resemble the outdoors with their aesthetic and design. Reclaimed wood is a large part of their store design, and their stairs are no exception. Their SoHo location uses reclaimed oak for both the flooring and stair treads to give shoppers the feeling of being in a space dominated by nature. Juxtaposed with elements like exposed piping, the wood goes a long way to foster a biophilic connection and helps warm the store’s industrial design components. The solid oak stair treads are a prominent feature that are both highly functional and make a brand statement.

From TerraMai: The reclaimed wood treads are a central design component of REI SoHo

4. These Doug Fir treads get a boost from the risers for added eye-catching results

From TerraMai: These reclaimed douglas fir stair treads stand out thanks to the dark risers and reinforce Living Computers Museum + Lab’s brand

It’s easy to spice up stair treads and reinforce your brand with a little imagination. While reclaimed wood is already a perfect match to emphasize a sustainable, eco-conscience culture, there are even more possibilities. Consider the stairs pictured above that add text on the risers in a very on-brand manner to further emphasis what the space is all about. These treads are sure to add an element of delight to museum visitors while also keeping their eyes and attention on navigating the stairs.

5. East meets West

From TerraMai: The Seattle Center stairs are comprised of both oak and teak treads to represent receptiveness and cultural sharing.

The stairs at the Seattle Center accomplish many things as they welcome visitors to the center. First, they are beautifully designed and aesthetically pleasing with their gentle curve and well lit risers that help people of all ages and abilities safely navigate the stairs. But they also help represent the organization’s core cultural values some of which are to manage their business with accountability, integrity and commitment to race and social justice while also fostering a collaborative and trusting community.

The stairs are comprised of two reclaimed wood materials, reclaimed oak and reclaimed teak. The choosing of these two woods symbolizes the harmonious meeting of cultures with an east meets west theme. The oak and teak treads alternate every other tread. Stadium style seating accompanies the steps allowing for resting and seating areas that can be used to collaborate or just hang out.

6. These stairs use clever and powerful lighting

From TerraMai: Simple lighting transforms these stairs into an attraction

Another example of lighting turning stairs into attention-grabbing design pieces are these stairs in Lincoln Square. The stained oak treads are illuminated from underneath to cast a band of light on the back portion of each tread. It’s both an attractive design concept and a practical addition, as it helps people safely ascend and descend the stairs. Trips and falls are the major source of injuries and lost time among the working population with around 1000 major injuries occurring in the workplace on stairs each year. Clear visual cues for surface changes help avoid trip hazards and this is especially true for stairs.

7. Keeping it light and open, especially in smaller spaces

From TerraMai: Reclaimed wood treads utilize the back wall to add interest and safety

The contrasting lighter stone wall allows each of the reclaimed teak treads to stand out so users can truly appreciate them. Eliminating the risers keeps this staircase from feeling too closed in and dark and the stone wall serves as a backdrop to visually separate the treads for safer navigation. As a whole, the staircase is warm, airy and inviting providing a calming space.

8. This modern staircase uses reclaimed basketball court wood

From Schuchart: This staircase and hallway use wood reclaimed from an old basketball court

Software company Tableau worked with renowned architect and design firm Gensler for their Seattle office, which required the demolition of a three story athletic club. Instead of hauling all of the demo materials to the landfill, Gensler repurposed them, which resulted in an aesthetic that honored the space’s previous life. Especially eye-catching is this staircase that’s made of wood reclaimed from the club’s basketball court. Columnal balusters and a view of the original court lines make this staircase a one-of-a-kind installation.

Conclusion

Well-designed stairs can boost the appeal of any built environment. Reclaimed wood stair treads present an elegant solution to reinforce brand messaging, provides biophilic benefits and powerful aesthetics. No longer out-of-sight, out-of-mind and relegated to an enclosed sterile stairwell, stairs are now being designed to make brand statements, facilitate interactions, get people moving and become a central design element––it’s all about creating a better experience for occupants.

What Every Designer Needs to Know about Luxury Vinyl Tile

As eco-friendly design becomes more important for the health of building occupants and the planet, it’s up to all of us to carefully evaluate materials. The benefits of a particular building material may suddenly pale when its environmental impact is known. Luxury vinyl tile, or LVT, a now popular flooring option, is one material in which its effects on the environment should be weighed before purchase. There are some serious environmental consequences with LVT that every designer and consumer should consider.

All About LVT

Sheet vinyl flooring was introduced after WWII. It was superior to then-popular linoleum flooring for its moisture and chemical resistance advantages. In the 70’s, plank vinyl flooring was introduced so it would more closely resemble wood flooring. With technology advancements, vinyl flooring is now 100% waterproof and looks extremely realistic. Today, the vinyl tiles are known as luxury vinyl tile and from afar one might even think it is real wood or stone. LVT has a fairly good cost point, is easy to install and can withstand hardy cleaning agents. But while LVT looks good on paper, the material leaves much to be desired when considering how it is manufactured. And, those hardy cleaning agents may need to be rethought as well.

LVT is composed of four layers: a urethane or aluminum oxide top layer, a photographic film layer, a protective color vinyl layer and a sturdy vinyl backing. Proponents of LVT will note its durability and affordability, but rarely are its effects on the environment sited. That’s because LVT is more damaging to the environment than you might think.

I first became aware of this from the TedMed, “Why hospitals are making us sick,” presented by Robin Guenther, principal at Perkins+Will and a Senior Advisor to “Health Care Without Harm.” Hospitals are full of vinyl flooring, and hospital workers account for 40% of all adult occupational asthma, an issue linked to the cleaning chemicals used to clean the vinyl flooring. But there is more. Vinyl manufacturing is done in chemical manufacturing plants located on the Mississippi River in Louisiana in a place that is known as ‘petrochemical corridor’ or Cancer Alley. This area of Louisiana is home to many chemical manufacturing plants including those that produce vinyl. Ninety one percent (91%) of residents report health problems linked to chemical exposure.

LVT delivers on durability but at what cost?

LVT aesthetics have greatly improved, it is durable and allows for intensive cleaning but its impact on the people who live in the communities where the vinyl plants are located is alarming. There is much to weigh when selecting a building material but its production should not cause harm to a community’s health. Even if a sustainable or green building material is not on the must-have list, some consideration should be given to this issue.

LVT is made from polyvinyl chloride, or PVC. PVC is hazardous to both the environment and human health. There are many reasons for this. First, the production of PVC causes the release of toxins into the environment. Notably, it releases dioxins, which are highly toxic compounds that pollute the environment and can cause serious human health problems. Dioxin is considered one of the most highly carcinogenic pollutants. It has the potential to be released during the vinyl manufacturing process, and then again if the flooring product is incinerated. Due to a lack of viable PVC recycling options, most vinyl floors will end up in a landfill where there is a high probability of incineration.

While it can be recycled, this process is difficult due to the high levels of hazardous additives present in the material. Today, less than 1% of PVC is recycled. According to Greenpeace, the main methods of PVC disposal are incineration and landfilling, neither of which are sustainable options. Currently, there is no safe way to manufacture or dispose of PVC.

Another issue is the phthalates that are added to PVC to make it softer and more pliable. There are many types of phthalates, some of which cause cancer and others are endocrine disruptors. Some manufacturers are working to reduce the amount of phthalates and toxic emissions but there is a real gap in what is considered safe and research data is mixed depending on who is publishing the report. The EPA and U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) have both issued studies and reports showing alarming levels of dioxins in the blood of residents that live in the ‘petrochemical corridor’. A university study found residents were 2 to 3 times more likely to suffer from a whole host of health problems.

Environmentally Friendly Alternatives to LVT

From TerraMai: Reclaimed wood, like this Mission Oak, has been proven time and time again to be an environmentally friendly material choice

LVT has many red flags that should make anyone pause. When it comes to sustainable flooring options, there are plenty to choose from. Materials like reclaimed wood, cork, stone, tile, wool carpet and natural linoleum are possible considerations.

Reclaimed wood offers beauty, sustainability, biophilic elements and meets indoor air quality low-VOC requirements. With proper care and maintenance it will last for years and years. Unlike LVT, scratches in wood flooring can be repaired. When you consider that most LVT is engineered to look like wood, why not use the real thing? No living trees are destroyed with reclaimed wood, and reclaiming the wood helps the local environment in numerous ways. You also won’t find reclaimed wood on the Living Building Challenge Red List like you will PVC.

Reclaimed wood can achieve a wide variety of different aesthetics, and it looks great in all kinds of spaces from formal offices to laid-back restaurants. In addition to being an excellent green building material, it also enhances human health. Featuring low-VOC finishes, reclaimed wood adds a healthy biophilic touch to any space.

Conclusion

While LVT may be viewed as durable and withstand intense cleaning, it comes with too many environmental hazards to be a conscientious choice. Green material options that are nontoxic and sustainable, even if they require a bit more attention when it comes to care and maintenance but cause no harm, are an ethical choice. If you’re considering LVT, please first take a look at reclaimed wood flooring. If reclaimed wood doesn’t fit your needs I encourage you to investigate other sustainable options.

Wood in Classrooms: The Secret to Better Grades?

Outside of the home, the classroom environment is where most children spend the majority of their time. K-12 education is a pivotal time in children’s development that helps them grow intellectually and socially. Since so many factors affect student achievement during this imperative period, having a holistic view of the educational experience is important.

The focus is often on teaching techniques and curriculum, but the physical building and school surroundings shouldn’t be ignored. More and more research is highlighting the impact that classroom design––specifically design materials––has on students. In this article, I’ll explore biophilic design in the educational sector and how reclaimed wood, in particular, can benefit students.

The Benefits of Biophilic Design in Education

Given the importance of a strong education system for student success and to our economic growth and ability to compete in the global economy, it is time to rethink the spaces that our children spend so much time in. In particular, we need to reimagine the classroom as a biophilic space since studies support the positive effect of biophilic design on education. Bringing nature and natural analogues like reclaimed wood into the learning environment makes the classroom more conducive to learning, which results in more productive students and teachers.

Currently, millions of students around the world are attending school in highly urban (and thus highly unnatural) environments. These conditions hinder a child’s development. That’s because biophilic tendencies have been observed in children under two years old. This observation proves the biophilia hypothesis, which states that humans have an innate desire to connect with nature. If children don’t have access to nature, their development will be stifled.

From NAC Architecture: Cherry Crest Elementary School boasts a lush landscape for its students

In regards to education, this is absolutely critical. Children spend so much time in classrooms, and if the classroom setting is unnatural and lacking in biophilia, student development and enjoyment will suffer. The questions this poses for designers are important. How can design impact the learning process? How can we ensure that students live up to their full potential? These ideas are crucial to the future of the educational sector.

The Power of Biophilic Design in Educational Spaces

The praises of biophilic design are now well-known in regards to the workplace, but using biophilia in the classroom yields similarly beneficial results. One study by researchers at Texas State University and Texas A&M University found that the presence of plants improves students’ learning experience, especially in spaces that lack other natural elements like exposure to sunlight or views of nature. Biophilic spaces clearly make for better learning environments.

From TerraMai: Reclaimed distressed wood flooring and paneling has a big impact on students, faculty and visitors at Central Washington University.

Biophilia drastically changes how students interact with the curriculum––and one another. The more biophilic a space is, the more interaction will take place. Basically, biophilic elements (like reclaimed wood) bring natural patterns and systems into the built environment. These patterns and systems activate the brain and help humans engage better within their immediate environment.

On an intrapersonal level, this means students will be more present, enhancing their ability to learn. Mahlum Architects is one firm that has seen this happen firsthand. They’ve seen immense benefits of wood in the classroom as a design firm that’s promoted the use of wood in the educational sector. Wilkes Elementary School on Washington’s Bainbridge Island is a beautiful example of their biophilic approach to Architecture & Design. There’s wood on virtually every surface throughout the school. The result is a highly biophilic environment that brings nature indoors and creates optimal learning conditions. It’s no surprise that the school has won many design awards and is highly rated by parents.

From ArchDaily: Wilkes Elementary School is resplendent with wood that fosters a biophilic atmosphere

Interpersonally, this will facilitate improved social interaction between students. Biophilic design is closely associated with higher levels of interaction, and there’s a substantial body of research that details this. Researcher Alan Ewert looked at the effects of human interaction with the outdoors and found that people who participated in outdoor programs gained “improved cooperation, the ability to work in teams, avoidance of conflict, respect for others, leadership, and the capacity to make new friends.” In a K-12 environment, these effects can benefit children when they need it most and create an ideal balance of nature and nurture.

How Reclaimed Wood Scientifically Improves Schoolwork

From TerraMai: The Energy BioSciences Building at UC Berkeley features rich reclaimed teak ceilings

So how does reclaimed wood play into all of this? In short, reclaimed wood provides generous doses of biophilia, and this grants all of the benefits mentioned in this article. It’s why schools like Wilkes Elementary that implement lots of wood see such exceptional results.

Reclaimed wood just might be the most beneficial building material for educational settings. In numerous studies, wood has proven to be particularly effective at stress reduction. One such study analyzed the effect of interior wood use on students in an Austrian secondary school. Students who were placed in solid wood classrooms experienced lower heart rates and reduced levels of stress than students in classrooms without wood. Heart rate variability also increased in the wood classrooms, and high HRV is a sign of a healthy, resilient heart according to Harvard University. In that study, HRV decreased in the solid wood classrooms. The takeaway: wood is a boon to students’ heart health.

From TerraMai: Chartwell School uses reclaimed wood in the classroom for a better learning experience

Designers are realizing that the use of natural materials is critical to creating better learning environments. One goal, as expressed by NAC Architecture, is to blur the boundaries between the built environment inside and the natural world outside. Schools with biophilic design like Chartwell School (pictured above) or Manassas Park Elementary (pictured below) accomplish this goal beautifully. The textures and patterns available to students help to connect them with nature both visually and tactilely.

From UNC School of Government: This room in Virginia’s Manassas Park Elementary School is a beautiful example of a biophilic classroom

Additionally, architects are finding that reclaimed wood works well outside the classroom. Libraries, study areas, dormitories, and other on-campus facilities can all reap the rewards of reclaimed wood. In these spaces, reclaimed wood installations will help students work and study more effectively, whether individually or in groups. And since wood has been shown to increase social interaction and improve collaboration, it’s an excellent material choice for any space in which students are working together.

From TerraMai: The University of Michigan uses beautiful reclaimed teak paneling throughout its centrally located dormitory complex

An investment in biophilic school design has economic and social benefits. According to PRISM, biophilic design can not only increase the tax dollar value of a school but also provide social support for children: “Nature supplies social support for children as they interact with others. When children become engaged in nature, their neural mechanisms are allowed to rest and recover.” Again, stress reduction is vital here, as the adolescent brain has been demonstrated to be especially vulnerable to stress. Reducing stress when it affects children the most has developmental, social, and emotional benefits that cannot be overstated. Furthermore, these wide-ranging effects of improved childhood development should not be overlooked because these formative years influence an individual’s economic and social outcomes later in life.

Conclusion

With current studies showing that classrooms designed with biophilic elements improve test scores, support health, and increase learning rates, it is time to elicit these positive outcomes by placing more emphasis on classroom design. Architects and designers can reimagine the classroom using biophilic design as their compass. There is an incredible opportunity to have a profound impact on education and students’ daily lives. Using lots of green building materials like sustainable wood will provide students with an environment that will help them stay connected to nature throughout their development. Schools will be healthier and students will spend their days in more productive and happier spaces, sowing the seeds for future generations to reap.

How Green Cities Are Literally Changing the World

The green city movement continues to strengthen and expand, further emphasizing the need for green buildings. While there’s been a constant focus on sustainability in Architecture & Design for the last several years, the city-wide approach fuels these initiatives. With buildings accounting for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions, it only makes sense that cities are taking a closer look at their buildings. As green cities take sustainability to new heights, their leadership and willingness to share what is successful has influenced more and more cities to develop their own sustainability programs.

What Is a Green City?

From Eco-Business: In 2015, Singapore was among the top 10 most sustainable cities in the world

A green city is simply a city focused on sustainability. As Scientific American noted, green cities “lessen their environmental impacts by reducing waste, expanding recycling, lowering emissions, increasing housing density while expanding open space, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses.” These cities are taking the basic tenets of sustainable design and putting them into action throughout their boundaries. Lowered levels of pollution, greater energy conservation, and renewable energy sources are a few hallmarks of green cities.

Cities like Portland, San Francisco, Singapore, and Oslo are renowned for their high levels of sustainability. These cities have quickly and effectively implemented greenness into their local cultures, resulting in high percentages of residents who contribute to their hometown’s sustainability. For example, in 2014, San Francisco recycled 80 percent of its trash. Many green cities have also funded various energy-conserving resources and structures. In São Paulo, Brazil, thermoelectric power plants reduce methane emissions. The plants also produce clean energy and fulfill 7 percent of the city’s electricity demands.

In addition, many cities are going above and beyond typical sustainability measures. Oslo, for example, requires all municipality-built structures to be both zero-emission and energy positive, meaning that they generate energy while releasing no pollution into the atmosphere. These energy positive cities lessen their environmental burdens while completely sustaining their inhabitants.

From GB&D: Oslo’s buildings actually generate energy while staying emission-free

These cities’ superb environmental friendliness is due in large part to sustainability measures, but design is also proving to be a critical factor. Utilizing sustainable design for homes and skyscrapers alike, these cities are innovating with their approach to building new structures. In these green cities, built environments are rejuvenating for both occupants and the earth, and they look fantastic to boot.

The Innovation in Green Cities

From TerraMai: HOK Chicago’s sustainably designed office resides in one of the greenest cities in the U.S.

Chicago, affectionately known for its big city hustle with midwestern charm, now has even more to love about it. A study by CBRE and Maastricht University named the metropolis the cleanest city in the U.S. to work in. That’s because roughly 70 percent of Chicago’s office real estate has been certified for environmental efficiency through programs like LEED and EPA’s Energy Star.

Take a peek into some of Chicago’s offices, and you’ll see why the city earned such high praise for sustainability. Design firm HOK’s Chicago office is an excellent example. It was designed with sustainability in mind. Notably, the office earned LEED Platinum certification thanks to its use of natural building materials like reclaimed wood.

From TerraMai: HOK’s LEED Certified Chicago office

This focus on sustainable design is a noteworthy component of Chicago’s movement toward increasing environmental health. Moreover, in recent years, Chicago has taken large strides to become greener. The city reduced its carbon emissions by 7 percent from 2010 to 2015 and continues to make recycling easier for residents. However, this is all just the tip of the iceberg for Chicago; the city is aiming for 100% renewable energy use in all municipal buildings by 2025. That also means that city-funded buildings will be designed with sustainability at the core.

This emphasis on sustainable design is true for all green cities around the world. Homes with solar panels, public spaces with extensive recycling options, and even airports with runoff reduction systems can all be found in these cities. Sustainable design is an integral part of the landscape, and that shows in the super-green buildings that populate these cities.

Weaving Sustainability Into Design

From GB&D: The Boston Public Library incorporates many sustainable features into its design

As architects and designers address broader complex societal issues like sustainability, well-being and happiness, community engagement, and social equity, they enter into new territories to create striking and effective buildings that fill green cities. These green buildings are elegant solutions that are often highly biophilic. Since natural building materials tend to be environmentally friendly choices, they appear prominently in these structures. Reclaimed wood, recycled steel, and cross laminated timber are just a few green building materials that can be found in sustainable buildings.

The Boston Public Library is a stunning example of gorgeous sustainable design. Boston is widely acclaimed as a particularly green city, and its library is no exception. In 2016, architecture firm William Rawn Associates completed a series of renovations that enhanced the library’s sustainability. Natural and LED lighting replaced traditional, high-energy lighting; low-flow plumbing was installed; and energy-saving airflow systems were employed. The result is a building that looks good and does good, mitigating the amount of energy it consumes from the surrounding environment.

From GB&D: Natural light floods into this open space at the Boston Public Library

One reason building design is a priority for green cities is because traditional buildings are extremely taxing on the environment. Commercial buildings are usually the biggest contributor of carbon emissions for a city and account for 19% of total US energy use. However, by using sustainable design, buildings can reduce their energy consumption by as much as 80 percent. Building standards are joining the movement as well, with programs like LEED, Living Building Challenge and Passive House setting the bar for energy efficiency.

Many architects are thinking outside the box to come up with unusual and innovative methods to reduce a building’s energy use and overall footprint. Pictured below is One North, a mixed-use development in Portland (one of the greenest cities in the US) that’s a marvel of sustainability. Its curves, overhangs and apertures may seem merely cosmetic, but they actually maximize both sunlight and shade where each is needed, saving on energy costs by leveraging the power of nature. It’s this sort of forward-thinking sustainable design that ensures the goals set by green cities become realities.

From Construction Specifier: One North in Portland is a multi-use complex built to exceed sustainability standards

Between the Green Cities movement backed by Earth Day and the increasingly rigorous standards of sustainability programs like LEED, the world is quickly moving toward better sustainability in design. As more and more cities turn green, the environmental benefits of sustainability will be intensely magnified, and our world will become much cleaner and healthier.

Conclusion

The green city movement is the future of civic design. Today’s green cities have taken on a daunting task––to mitigate the effects of climate change––and they’re accomplishing that goal remarkably. Green building materials, waste reduction systems, and energy positive structures are becoming the new norm. It’s inspiring to think about how different cities will look in the next few decades.

Patterns in Nature: Why we need them in the built environment

Patterns are everywhere in nature. The natural patterns found in nature deeply affect and nurture us. They are imprinted in our physiological-cognitive system and when we spend time in environments devoid of natural patterns, it leads to anxiety and stress which in the short term hampers productivity but in the long term can lead to illness. Nikos Salingaros, architectural theorist and mathematician, emphasizes that there are enormous opportunities to create healing built environments by incorporating the mathematical qualities of those found in living and natural forms.

There are many kinds of natural patterns and those that have a self-similarity are called fractals. According Salingaros, “much, if not all, of natural structure is fractal”. Fractals are patterns that repeat at different scales: If you zoom in on a picture of a fractal, you will still see the same pattern repeated.

Examples of patterns found in nature.

Richard Taylor, a physicist at the University of Oregon, and fractal fanatic, explains that “Your visual system is in some way hardwired to understand fractals,” said Taylor. “The stress-reduction is triggered by a physiological resonance that occurs when the fractal structure of the eye matches that of the fractal image being viewed.” When an environment veers away from natural patterns, it leads to some discomfort, even if subconsciously.

Science has long studied the relationship between natural patterns and the human brain. As it turns out, the brain is a powerful pattern recognition machine. One study even called pattern processing “the essence of the evolved human brain,” noting that humans have recognized the central importance of SPP [superior pattern processing] for their advancement as a species.” In other words, being able to identify patterns is an inherent part of being a human. This instinct is so strong that we even tend to perceive patterns where there are none.

Thus, it probably doesn’t come as a surprise that patterns have healing effects. Namely, patterns help to reduce stress. A 2006 study found that incorporating fractals into architecture results in lowered stress levels. Other research has shown that viewing fractals can reduce stress by as much as 60 percent. Another study found that surgical patients with rooms that featured views of nature spent less time in the hospital than patients whose rooms faced a brick wall.

From Distinct Solutions: This honeycomb pattern is an excellent example of a biomorphic pattern

Patterns also have an undeniable visual appeal that’s immediately apparent to the viewer. This has a larger implication as well: that nature and its patterns are inherently beautiful. Indeed, people are drawn toward natural materials like wood in the built environment, as observed by A. Quincy Jones. The closer a constructed environment is to the natural world, the more enjoyable it will be, and patterns play a large role here.

Salingaros, of strong opinion that the way we shape our buildings will shape us, feels minimalist spaces void of nature make us uneasy. We must bring nature and its patterns into design. Designers can incorporate natural patterns into the built environment in many creative ways. People have an affinity for natural materials. Thus, to maximize the positive effect of pattern, it makes sense to use natural materials in the process. Materials can be the vehicle to provide pattern or the instrument to create them. Think wooden spiral staircase. The spiral shape is a reflection of nature and the wood, analogous of nature, provides its own natural patterns.

The patterns present in wood are especially beautiful. The size, type and arrangement of wood cells differ from one wood species to another, and this affects the appearance of the grain.Some wood species have very figured grain pattern while others are more refined, all of which can be presented differently depending on how the wood is sawn. Reclaimed wood that has been weathered or naturally distressed over time adds another level of character that can enrich the patterns found in wood.

From TerraMai: This closeup of a reclaimed oak tabletop shows off the multitude of patterns

The Aesthetic Benefits of Patterns

Natural patterns are universally beautiful. When we view the patterns found in wood ––whether it’s a complex fractal or a simple series of cracks ––we perceive beauty. The numerous wellness benefits that patterns can provide present amazing design opportunities.

Even in ancient times, humans grasped the power and attractiveness of patterns. Perhaps that’s why the ancient Pueblo people designed complex geometric structures even though they lacked a number system and alphabet. Patterns that occur in nature, like fractals and the Fibonacci sequence, are timeless and universal. In his book Patterns in Nature, author Philip Ball summed up the effect of patterns: “Natural patterns offer raw delights, but they also point to something deep.”

This focus on patterns has been instrumental to the rise of biophilic design. In the landmark report “14 Patterns of Biophilic Design,” Terrapin Bright Green put forth 14 central concepts that detailed the relationship between humans and biophilic architecture. One of those concepts is Biomorphic Forms & Patterns. A biomorphic pattern is simply a pattern found in nature or a pattern that simulates a natural pattern. As Terrapin puts it, “The objective of Biomorphic Forms & Patterns is to provide representational design elements within the built environment that allow users to make connections to nature.” One of the best (and easiest) ways to make that happen is to use natural materials, which is why reclaimed wood is so useful.

From TerraMai: Weathered Lost Coast Redwood introduces natural patterns into the Hulu office

The Abundance of Patterns in Reclaimed Wood

From TerraMai: The patterns in this Reclaimed Red Oak are compelling and eye-catching

From TerraMai: This reclaimed redwood has wavy and spiraling figure pattern

From TerraMai: Mission Oak Vintage showcases arches and cathedral pattern, and displays occasional nail holes and checking from its prior life

No matter the type of wood, the abundance of patterns will have a positive effect on the viewer. The patina and weathering marks present in post-consumer reclaimed wood accentuate the natural patterns and add character.

Conclusion

Patterns make up a critical part of the natural world, and as humans, we’re meant to connect with these patterns on an innate, instinctive level. Knowing how beneficial patterns are, it makes perfect sense to build them into all aspects of design. In short, including patterns into the built environment––especially in the form of natural building materials like reclaimed wood––will optimize the design for the human brain. Occupants will be happier, more productive, and enjoy the overall experience more.

Restaurant Design Trends: How reclaimed wood fits in

People are eating out more than ever. Customer expectations have risen and they want more from their dining experiences. Restaurants need consumers to come in and come back. Great food alone is not enough. Design is integral to the total experience. It sets a tone and conveys a message and promise to customers. According to the National Restaurant Association there are over 1 million restaurants in the US competing for $799 billion in sales. Design has the power to transform a space from a place to eat to a place offering an engaging, memorable experience.

We explored the forecasted 2018 trends in restaurant design and found reclaimed wood named again and again with wood in general being singled out as a specific trend. One theme is clear, people are more visually savvy now. They want a personal experience and care about the details.

1. Mixing design styles attracts customers

Creating and implementing a unique style can boost profits and keep customers coming back for more. To stand out, designers are ensuring comfort and warmth but adding modern twists. They are expertly blending styles to create unique spaces that work. Retro style, utilizing materials reminiscent of the 60’s and 70’s, has emerged but made warmer and friendlier by intermixing with lots of plants and wood.

From Beamish Museum: This space combines wood flooring and retro vinyl flooring along with wood tables and seating softened with a lot of comfy pillows.

The rustic, industrial look has been trending for some time now. Wood and stone still dominate as people are naturally drawn to materials from nature but these spaces can update their look with lighting and other key design elements.

From Cool Cities: The incredible chandelier with a little help from elegant tableware transforms this industrial space with its rustic wood ceiling and cement floors and walls into an incredible dining experience.

Embracing existing, original elements like beams or brick walls provide an authenticity to a space. Structural elements can be elevated by blending with other design styles for a more chic aesthetic.

From TerraMai: Agave Uptown in Oakland, CA worked the building’s structural elements into their design and provide a sleek look with reclaimed Metro Flooring

2. Wood Paneling is in

White walls and wallpaper are fading out. Wood paneling is in more than ever. Natural materials like wood are essential for creating warm, inviting, fresh spaces. People find spaces with wood as more habitable than spaces without wood. Wood is instantly familiar and can lend a sense of welcome to any built environment. Mid-century modern has reemerged and is not going away anytime soon further emphasizing the call for wood and craftsmanship.

From Architectural Digest: The Studio Munge designed Leuca with wood paneling throughout.

3. Instagramable spaces are key

This trend was called out repeatedly further reinforcing the fact that customers are looking for a selfie-worthy experience and are noticing design details. Eclectic, eye-catching artwork, tile, lights and furniture are some of the items that customers like to photograph.

From TerraMai: Booths wrapped in reclaimed wood are sure to show up on instagram

4. Expect to see lots of Plants

Foliage covered restaurants and herb-growing eateries are on the rise and coincide with the farm-to-table, clean eating trend. Plant filled, biophilic dining spaces also resonate with people’s innate need for more nature and convey a message that parallels that of the menu.

From GrowUp: The living wall, plants and wood flooring create a relaxing and cozy atmosphere for diners

Biophilic elements like plants and reclaimed wood help to create a restive and restorative environment which leads to a positive dining experience. A living wall is a good way to update a space and helps to naturally clean the air.

5. Less is More

The minimalist aesthetic is very appealing especially to millenials. Clean lines with a focus on select luxurious furnishings or wall covering make the space. Pops of color and touches of metals like chrome add unexpected detail to a linear uncluttered look.

From TerraMai: Reclaimed Teak Paneling is the warming element in this clean space

6. Reclaimed wood remains a selling point

Architectural Digest, Elle Decor and Webstaurant Store all indicate reclaimed wood is an important design material and can be a good selling point valued by customers. Reclaimed wood can help enforce a brand message; add a biophilic element by bringing a natural, organic material into a space; add story and provide a soulful authenticity. Reclaimed wood can bring an abundance of texture and character with weathered and distressed patina but it can also deliver a clean aesthetic.

From TerraMai: CBD Provisions is dedicated to sustainability and shows it off in their reclaimed wood design choices.

From TerraMai: Reclaimed MC Walnut at Tutto il Giorno, Tribeca, NYC.

From TerraMai: Lost Coast Redwood Weathered Siding makes for an inviting store. Studies show that people associate positive emotions toward companies in buildings with wood siding.

From TerraMai: Burgerville’s message of sustainability is backed by their use of reclaimed redwood on the interior and exterior of their Corvallis, OR location.

Conclusion

The restaurant business is highly competitive and consumers have a lot of choices. Given that a restaurant’s design is as important as the menu and food quality, it’s important that the decor create the right atmosphere. The overall design aesthetic will influence customer emotions, which in turn will influence their experience. Positive emotions and experience will result in engaged customers. Design can get people in the door, makes customers want to return, and inspire them to tell all their friends. Reclaimed wood is one tool to help connect with customers for a positive experience.

The Longstanding Allure of Reclaimed Teak Wood

When I first learned about teak, its history, and all its benefits, I was fascinated by it. Over the years at TerraMai, we work with many wood types and surface materials but teak holds a special place. In many ways it reminds me of the great redwoods in the U.S. Another really majestic and amazing tree that deserves some reverence. Many people know teak for its rich beauty, but there’s much more to teak than meets the eye. Beyond its great looks and extreme versatility (attributes architects and designers love), it has a history that draws us in and helps us value it all the more. Teak has been used for thousands of years and is still one of the most desired woods today. But what makes it so special? Here’s a look into the universal popularity and timelessness of reclaimed teak wood.

The Amazing Properties of Reclaimed Teak

From TerraMai: The Dockers flagship store in San Francisco uses reclaimed teak flooring

Teak is native to South and Southeast Asia. While the teak tree has been exported to other countries, the world’s best old-growth teak can only be found in Asia. Naturally, the native people used the wood that was readily available discovering that teak was a particularly durable wood and thus used it for many applications. Teak first saw major use around the Middle Ages, when shipbuilders would use the wood to construct sturdy vessels. As the British Empire expanded, and with it trade, teak found its way into Europe often utilized for bridge building, many of which are still in use today. It’s usage expanded further into luxury furniture for royalty to railway cars.

There are many factors that contribute to teak’s amazing quality. First, it’s an extremely strong and resilient wood. With exceptional dimensional stability, teak is able to withstand heavy use and last for centuries. (Teak can be found today in palaces and temples that are over 1,000 years old.) Because teak is native to areas where volatile weather is common, it’s adapted to survive even the most extreme environments. It stays strong and unchanged even in blistering hot or freezing cold temperatures, and its low shrinkage ratio helps it resist warping when changes in moisture or humidity occur.

From TerraMai: Reclaimed Teak Flooring and feature wall in a luxury bathroom.

Teak also contains two elements that are incredibly potent: silica and oils. The silica impregnates the wood and makes it virtually waterproof. Teak also possesses many natural oils that give the wood its trademark luster. In fact, that striking luster from these oils is why many architects and designers choose teak. With both beauty and brawn, teak is often an easy choice for commercial projects.

The high amounts of silica and oil give teak an astonishing resistance to rot, fungi, and mildew. The oils act as natural repellents, deterring termites and other pests. Best of all, teak finishes and installs well so there is no compromising equipment loss (drill bits and saw blades) for the benefit of durability.

From TerraMai: Unused structures in Asia often have old-growth teak that can be reclaimed

Teak is not only strong but also long-lasting. In addition to being resistant to rot, fungi, and mildew, it also resists stains, and overall corrosion. While many woods attract dirt and grime, teak repels them. As a result, even incredibly old teak often looks polished and attractive. In contemporary interior design, this means that teak will last for lifetimes without excessive care and maintenance. This is especially true for outdoor usage. Many other woods require more maintenance when used outdoors, but teak’s natural properties make it ideal for outdoor applications.

From TerraMai: Naturally Distressed Long Plank Teak Siding

Reclaimed Teak’s Timeless Beauty

From TerraMai: HOK’s office makes a statement with Reclaimed Teak Paneling

Wood has been proven to be extremely pleasing to the eye, and this is especially true of reclaimed teak. Much of wood’s natural appeal comes from biophilia, or the fact that humans innately desire to be connected with nature. In their landmark study “14 Patterns of Biophilic Design,” Terrapin Bright Green enumerated the various ways biophilia works. We as humans connect to nature through our senses but mostly visually, so aesthetics are crucial for creating a biophilic environment. Wood brings many natural aspects together. The look of wood is immediately evocative of the natural world; it’s uniquely textured; and it reminds us of the organic processes of life. Reclaimed woods displaying character and patina that has developed over the years of use and exposure like Naked Teak and Naturally Distressed Long Plank Teak enhances that connection even further.

Teak in particular is so attractive because of its natural shine, rich colors, and exquisite grain detail. Most teak ranges from tan to medium brown with many grain highlights. Its deep honey tones are reminiscent of the opulence of nature. Even better, teak only gets more beautiful over time. For interior applications, the wood develops a richer, deeper color while outside teak will weather to a grey-silver patina.

From TerraMai: Reclaimed Teak Bench at NYC High Line shown in 2017 versus 2011 installation

Why Old-Growth Reclaimed Teak Is So Special

You may have come across the term “old-growth wood” before. In 1994, old-growth forests were defined as “ecosystems distinguished by old trees and related structural attributes.” Old-growth characteristics, such as fortified strength, occur when the wood has matured. The exact age depends on the type of tree, but generally, old-growth features can take 120 to 500 years to show.

Old-growth wood is extremely sought after because it’s stronger and lasts longer than new wood. However, there isn’t a lot of old-growth forest left in the world due to deforestation and the increasing usage of wood. The United States Forest Service estimates that only about 3 percent of the country’s old-growth forest has survived to this day. Unfortunately, due to tree poaching, that problem persists, making old-growth wood even rarer. Despite these conditions, old-growth timber is still in demand.

From TerraMai: Old-growth teak is highly desired for its natural, rich appearance

Since harvesting the remaining supply of old-growth trees is not be a viable option, the best method is to find alternative sourcing for old-growth wood. The ethical environmental option is to purchase reclaimed old growth wood. Reclamation doesn’t require any living trees to be cut; instead, the wood is salvaged from aging vintage structures slated for demolition. This preserves the remaining old-growth forest and repurposes a valuable resource.

Conclusion

There’s no other wood that’s quite like reclaimed teak. It’s remains a popular design choice, and it’s easy to see why. Reclaimed teak is a gorgeous, durable, sustainable building material that’s a perfect fit for all kinds of commercial environments. Whether you want to bring a touch of nature to a space or foster a more calming atmosphere, reclaimed teak can do the job.

Wood and Wellbeing: The Connection Between Building Materials and Cognitive Health

Wood is beautiful, but did you know it can actually improve cognitive health? That’s the conclusion that many recent studies have reached, and it’s inspiring architects and designers to make wood a central locus of the built environment. Wood is now being chosen not only for its looks but also its psychophysiological benefits. This research is changing the way A&D professionals approach their craft, and the resulting design is more human-centric than ever before. Here’s why wood is such a boon to our bodies and brains.

Wood and Psychophysiology

From Olson Kundig: Wood’s numerous health benefits make it a popular material choice for starchitects

Psychophysiology is the field of study that analyzes the relationship between mental and physical processes. It acknowledges that there is a strong connection between mind and body and researches how the two affect each other as well as how external conditions affect them. In the built environment, psychophysiology is a crucial factor that will determine occupant enjoyment. From the design all the way down to the specific building materials used, the built environment greatly affects the people who inhabit it. As such, it’s important to pay attention to the psychophysiological impact of a space.

Design psychophysiology is a large part of biophilic design, which aims to create environments that facilitate both mental and physical health in occupants. The field of biophilic design has been instrumental in helping architects and designers understand how buildings affect people and how they can be optimized to be the most beneficial.

From TerraMai: The Clif Bar HQ is a stunning example of biophilic design

As it turns out, wood is one material that has been connected to psychophysiological benefits. In their study “Wood as a Restorative Material in Healthcare Environments,” Sally Augustin and David Fell explored the connection between wood and psychophysiology. Their findings aligned with much of the research that has been conducted in biophilic design, but looking at these findings through the lens of psychophysiology gives us a new way of viewing the built environment.

How Wood Helps Reduce Stress

In short, Augustin and Fell concluded that wood is particularly excellent at stress reduction. However, it’s the specific details that have incredible applications to design. First, wood can help people manage existing stress. To illustrate this, Augustin and Fell cited a 2010 study that analyzed how offices (with and without wood) affected participants who completed a stressful mental task. The participants in offices that featured wood were much less stressed than those in non-wood offices.

From TerraMai: Wood noticeably reduces stress, a quality that’s ideal for office environments

Wood can also prevent stress from occurring. A 2011 study analyzed stress levels in students who were placed in wood and non-wood classrooms. The findings were similar to the aforementioned 2010 study: students in classrooms that had wood were less stressed than students in non-wood rooms. A similar conclusion was reached in a study that considered wood in residential environments. Fascinatingly, participants’ blood pressure and heart rate dropped when they entered rooms with wood but increased when they entered rooms without wood.

Even the amount of wood has an effect on wood’s stress reduction properties. A 2007 study assessed participants’ responses to rooms that were covered in 0%, 45%, and 90% wood. While heart rate and blood pressure were lowest in the room with 90% wood, participants said they felt most comfortable in the 45% wood room. This is where psychophysiology comes into play. Although the 90% wood room satisfied participants physiologically, the 45% room was the best psychophysiological option, combining lowered heart rate and blood pressure with enjoyment and calmness.

From Microsoft: Spaces with about 45% wood provide a good psychophysiological balance

Wood as a Multifaceted Psychophysiological Asset

Wood’s health benefits aren’t limited to stress reduction. A report by Planet Ark demonstrated that wood has been shown to boost social interaction and foster feelings of comfort. On a very simple level, these benefits immediately contribute to short-term occupant health. However, the implications of wood’s many healing properties are astonishing. The Planet Ark study speculated that wood’s social component may help to mitigate dementia in the elderly. The authors also put forth that wood’s stress relieving abilities may help people avoid health complications––including obesity and type 2 diabetes––that arise as a result of stress.

From Mason Design + Development: 1 Hotel Brooklyn Bridge uses biophilic design and lots of wood to create a human-first environment

There are many other enthralling studies that analyze the relationship between wood and psychophysiology. Dr. Yuki Kawamura, a researcher at Sumitomo Forestry Research, measured various kinds of health responses to wood. One experiment studied the effects of wood on the brain and found that wood produces higher alpha wave activity, thus indicating higher levels of relaxation. During mentally demanding tasks, participants exposed to wood had more beta wave activity, which pointed to higher levels of focus. These fascinating studies proved that wood can help people rest or focus more effectively depending on the context. For designers, this means wood is just as useful in a hotel room as it is in a corporate office.

From its stress alleviation properties to its social benefits, wood proves time and time again to be one of the healthiest building materials in existence. Equipped with this new knowledge, architects and designers can work to ensure that the built environment is psychophysiologically optimized for humans. This approach is already ushering in a new era of design that brings biophilia to the forefront and focuses on making the healthiest possible spaces.

Using Wood in Design For Cognitive Health Benefits

From TerraMai: Reclaimed wood paneling in group areas can facilitate social interaction

There are many ways to use wood in the built environment for positive psychophysiological effects. That said, there are some key concepts to keep in mind. First, it’s crucial to consider the right amount of wood for any given space. As we saw from one of the studies, rooms with about 45% coverage of wood were considered to be the most comfortable. That figure doesn’t need to be an immovable metric for designers to adhere to, but the concept of using the appropriate amount of wood to accomplish the design intention is pivotal.

From Terrapin Bright Green: Maintaining a good balance of wood to non-wood elements is critical to achieve the intended outcome for a space

Next, keep the full range of wood’s benefits in mind. Thinking of wood as a healthy building material (and not just a stress reliever) will help you unlock all of its design advantages. For instance, due to wood’s ability to encourage social interaction, many designers elect to use wood in spaces where people gather together. Hotel lobbies, office break rooms, fitness centers, study areas, and event spaces are just a few environments that can utilize wood to foster a more social atmosphere.

Finally, think about the type of wood to employ. Many architects are choosing reclaimed wood as it arguably provides added benefits over new wood. Reclaimed wood can be character-rich with lots of texture and weathering which can elicit a stronger natural, organic connection for occupants to a space. Telling the story of reclaimed wood whether the reclaimed wood has a clean aesthetic or readily displays its prior history through a naturally distressed look, allows occupants to emotionally connect and feel more meaning to the built environment in addition to having a natural affinity for wood.

From TerraMai: Acacia Metro Paneling is a reclaimed wood that will instantly turn heads

Conclusion

The link between wood and cognitive health has far-reaching implications for architects and designers. Spaces with abundant wood have always been considered beautiful, but now we’re discovering that such spaces are beneficial to not only the eye but also the mind and body. The result: Built environments that help people rest, focus, and feel better, all thanks to wood.

General

Jean Nouvel: Think into the future

William McDonough: Treat nature as a model

Glenn Murcutt: Choose your materials mindfully

Rob Harrison: Water is the new energy

Scott Ceasar: Keep occupant comfort in mind

Amanda Sturgeon: Imitate nature as much as possible

Conclusion

Walkability and Convenience: 2 Pivotal Real Estate Desires

Wellness: The Future of the Built Community

Mixed-Use and Biophilia

Conclusion

1. Reclaimed teak stair treads make this staircase picturesque

2. Beefy reclaimed wood stair treads appear to float

3. REI leverages reclaimed wood for an immersive shopping experience

4. These Doug Fir treads get a boost from the risers for added eye-catching results

5. East meets West

6. These stairs use clever and powerful lighting

7. Keeping it light and open, especially in smaller spaces

8. This modern staircase uses reclaimed basketball court wood

Conclusion

All About LVT

LVT delivers on durability but at what cost?

Environmentally Friendly Alternatives to LVT

Conclusion

The Benefits of Biophilic Design in Education

The Power of Biophilic Design in Educational Spaces

How Reclaimed Wood Scientifically Improves Schoolwork

Conclusion

What Is a Green City?

The Innovation in Green Cities

Weaving Sustainability Into Design

Conclusion

The Aesthetic Benefits of Patterns

The Abundance of Patterns in Reclaimed Wood

Conclusion

1. Mixing design styles attracts customers

2. Wood Paneling is in

3. Instagramable spaces are key

4. Expect to see lots of Plants

5. Less is More

6. Reclaimed wood remains a selling point

Conclusion

The Amazing Properties of Reclaimed Teak

Reclaimed Teak’s Timeless Beauty

Why Old-Growth Reclaimed Teak Is So Special

Conclusion

Wood and Psychophysiology

How Wood Helps Reduce Stress

Wood as a Multifaceted Psychophysiological Asset

Using Wood in Design For Cognitive Health Benefits

Conclusion

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